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1		-=== Phenomenology in High-Energy Physics ===
2		-==== Supervisor: Lin Chen ([[email>>mailto:lin.chen@usc.es||target="_blank"]], [[inspirehep>>https://inspirehep.net/authors/1477331]])
3		-====
	1	+== Phenomenology in High-Energy Physics ==
4	4
	3	+**Supervisor:** Lin Chen ([[email>>mailto:lin.chen@usc.es]], [[inspirehep>>https://inspirehep.net/authors/1477331]])
	4	+
	5	+This project cluster offers a guided introduction to key techniques in theoretical and phenomenological studies of high-energy collisions.
	6	+Students will explore the dynamics of particle interactions in both elementary and nuclear processes, ranging from analytical calculations to numerical simulations.
	7	+They can choose from one of four distinct sub-projects, focusing either on pen-and-paper derivations or hands-on computational work.
	8	+Each sub-project is adapted from a typical MSc-level exercise and is designed to be accessible to highly motivated undergraduate students.
	9	+
	10	+----
	11	+
	12	+=== P1 (analytical) - NLO Corrections to Pair Production ===
	13	+
5	5	**Introduction:**
6	6
7		-Phenomenology in high-energy physics serves as a critical interface between theory and experiment.
	16	+This project introduces students to loop corrections in Quantum Field Theory (QFT).
	17	+Focusing on the simplest QED process: electron-positron annihilation into a muon pair, students will analyze both the Leading-Order (LO) Feynman diagram and its Next-to-Leading-Order (NLO) correction with photon radiation.
	18	+The aim is to develop familiarity with tree- and loop-level calculations, understand the origin of singularities, and apply techniques to handle divergences.
8	8
9		-While theoretical models—particularly those based on Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)—allow us to predict observables such as differential cross-sections, these predictions must be transformed into concrete numerical results before they can be compared to experimental data.
10		-This transformation is at the heart of phenomenological work: it requires both analytical understanding and computational implementation.
	20	+**Expected outcomes:**
11	11
12		-In this project, the student will learn how to translate theoretical expressions for differential cross-sections into numerical simulations, calculate relevant observables, and compare these results with real-world data from high-energy experiments such as those at the LHC or RHIC.
	22	+* Understanding of Feynman diagram rules and their application to QED processes
	23	+* Tree-level and one-loop calculations for e⁺e⁻ → μ⁺μ⁻IGFAE_2025_10
	24	+* Cross-section computation and application of dimensional regularizationIGFAE_2025_10
	25	+* Optional: determination of the tau lepton mass from cross-section ratiosIGFAE_2025_10
	26	+* Optional: estimation of Nc from the ratio of hadronic to leptonic cross-sectionsIGFAE_2025_10
13	13
14		-The focus will be on inclusive jet and hadron production, with the possibility of exploring more complex observables such as dijet correlations or extending the analysis to heavy-ion collisions.
	28	+**Requirements:**
15	15
16		-Through this hands-on experience, the student will develop practical skills in numerical computing, gain insight into the logic of perturbative QCD calculations, and understand how phenomenological tools connect theoretical predictions with experimental measurements.
	30	+* Familiarity with special relativity and quantum mechanicsIGFAE_2025_10
	31	+* Basic calculus skills
17	17
18		-**Work description:**
	33	+----
19	19
20		-* meeting and discussion (2hrs/day)
21		-* unsupervised work (4hrs/day)
	35	+=== P2 (analytical) - Opacity Expansion in Parton Energy Loss ===
22	22
	37	+**Introduction:**
	38	+
	39	+This project explores the foundational aspects of jet quenching through the Gyulassy-Levai-Vitev (GLV) formalism.
	40	+Beginning with a review of Feynman rules and basic concepts in heavy-ion collisions, students will focus on computing the first-order opacity contribution to the medium-induced gluon radiation spectrum in a hot QCD plasma.
	41	+The emphasis is on analytical derivations, with attention to diagrammatic summation techniques and approximations used in perturbative QCD.
	42	+
23	23	**Expected outcomes:**
24	24
25		-* given a differential cross-section, write a program that can calculate the differential distribution of an observable
26		-* reproduce existing single inclusive jet/hadron experimental data (LO)
27		-* reproduce existing dijet-related experimental data (LL)
28		-* implement applications in heavy-ion collisions (optional)
	45	+* Understanding the conceptual basis of jet quenching in a quark-gluon plasmaIGFAE_2025_10
	46	+* Application of Feynman diagrams to model jet–medium scattering processesIGFAE_2025_10
	47	+* Derivation of the Leading-Order (first-opacity) contribution to induced gluon radiationIGFAE_2025_10
	48	+* Optional: Study of detailed balance using basic thermal field theory techniquesIGFAE_2025_10
	49	+* Optional: Extension to higher-order terms in the opacity expansion
29	29
30	30	**Requirements:**
31	31
32		-* basic Fortran, or C/C++ programming
33		-* preferred knowledge in high-energy physics
34		-* preferred knowledge in numerical analysis
	53	+* Familiarity with Feynman diagrammaticsIGFAE_2025_10
	54	+* Basic calculus skills
	55	+
	56	+----
	57	+
	58	+=== P3 (computational) - Dijet Cross-Sections at Leading-Order ===
	59	+
	60	+**Introduction:**
	61	+
	62	+This hands-on computational project introduces students to the numerical calculation of cross-sections for physically relevant processes.
	63	+Students will implement tree-level 2→2 partonic scattering leading to dijet production, and compute differential cross-sections to be compared with experimental data from the LHC.
	64	+This project serves as an entry point into collider phenomenology, linking theoretical calculations with measurable observables.
	65	+
	66	+**Expected outcomes:**
	67	+
	68	+* Familiarity with numerical integration techniquesIGFAE_2025_10
	69	+* Implementation of Leading-Order matrix elements for dijet production in proton–proton collisionsIGFAE_2025_10
	70	+* Calculation and analysis of differential cross-sections with comparison to experimental dataIGFAE_2025_10
	71	+* Optional: Extension to beyond LO correctionsIGFAE_2025_10
	72	+* Optional: Application to heavy-ion collisions via simple quenching models
	73	+
	74	+**Requirements:**
	75	+
	76	+* Basic familiarity with collider physics conceptsIGFAE_2025_10
	77	+* Programming experience and elementary numerical analysis skills
	78	+
	79	+----
	80	+
	81	+=== P4 (computational) - Glauber Modelling in Nuclear Collisions ===
	82	+
	83	+**Introduction:**
	84	+
	85	+This project introduces the classical Glauber model, used to characterize the initial geometry of nuclear collisions.
	86	+Students will implement both optical and Monte Carlo versions of the model to compute geometric observables such as participant numbers and spatial eccentricities, which are essential for centrality classification and anisotropic flow studies in heavy-ion collisions.
	87	+
	88	+**Expected outcomes:**
	89	+
	90	+* Familiarity with nuclear collision geometry and numerical integration techniquesIGFAE_2025_10
	91	+* Implementation of optical and Monte Carlo Glauber modelsIGFAE_2025_10
	92	+* Optional: Calculation of eccentricities in non-central collisionsIGFAE_2025_10
	93	+* Optional: Mapping of impact parameter to centrality classes
	94	+
	95	+**Requirements:**
	96	+
	97	+* Basic familiarity with collider or nuclear physics conceptsIGFAE_2025_10
	98	+* Programming experience and elementary numerical analysis skills
	99	+
	100	+----
	101	+